Acid: A hydrogen-containing compound that releases hydrogen ions in solution.
Alloy: A material made up by combining two or more metals.
Analysis: Breaking down a compound into two or more substances.
Anhydrous: Free from water.
Atom: smallest unit of an element that can enter into the making of a chemical compound.
Atomic weight: The weight of an atom compared with the weight of an oxygen atom set at 16.
Base : A compound containing the hydroxide group (OH).
Catalyst: A substance that helps in a chemical reaction without itself being changed.
Chemical change : A change of a substance into another substance having different properties.
Chemistry : The branch of science dealing with the compositions of substances and the changes that can be made in them.
Combustion : Burning; a chemical change that produces heat and light.
Compound : A substance consisting of two or more different kinds of atoms in definite proportins by weight.
Crystal: The solid in which atoms or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern.
Density: The weight of a liquid or a solid in grams per cm3 or milliliter.
Distillate : A liquid that has been turned into vapor and again cooled into a liquid.
Distillation: The process of producing a distillate.
Ductile : Capable of being drawn out into a wire.
Electrolysis: The breaking down of a substance by passing an electric current through it.
Electrolyte : A substance that, when in a solution or when melted, will conduct an electric current.
Element : A substance that contains only one kind of atoms.
Equation : A complete description of a chemical reaction by the use of symbols, formulas, and signs.
Evaporation : The changing of a substance into vapor: also the process of removing water by heating.
Filtrate : A liquid obtained by filtration.
Filtration : The process of straining a liquid from a solid through porous material, usually filter paper.
Formula : A group of symbols and numbers giving the composition of a compound.
Hydrate : A compound containing loosely bound water of hydration (water of crystallization) that can be driven off by heating.
Hydroxide : A compound that contains the hydroxyl (OH) radical.
Ion : An electrically charged atom or group of atoms (radical).
Malleable: Capable of being hammered or rolled into a thin sheet.
Matter: Anything that takes up space and has weight.
Metal : An element that is a good conductor of electricity, has luster, and whose oxide forms a base with water.
Metalloid : An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Mixture : A mingling of substances not combined chemically.
Molecular weight: The sum of the atomic weights of the atoms that make up a molecule of a compound.
Molecule : The smallest unit of a compound that can exist in the free state.
Neutralization : The reaction of an acid and a base to give a salt and water.
Nonmetal : An element that is a poor conductor of electricity, does not have luster, and whose oxide forms an acid when combined with water.
Organic chemistry : The chemistry of the carbon compounds.
Oxidation: The process by which a substance combines with oxygen.
Precipitate : An insoluble solid formed in a solution by chemical reaction.
Radical: A group of atoms that behave chemically as a single atom.
Reaction : A chemical change.
Reduction : Removal of oxygen; the opposite of oxidation.
Salt : A compound (other than water) formed by the reaction of an acid and a base.
Saturated solution : A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute under the conditions.
Solubility: The number of grams of a solute needed to make a saturated solution in 100 grams of solvent.
Solute : The substance dissolved in a solvent.
Solution : A non-settling mixture of a solute in a solvent.
Solvent: A liquid in which a solute is dissolved.
Sublimation : A process in which a solid is turned into vapor and again cooled into a solid without passing through a liquid stage.
Subscript: A small numeral indicating the number of atoms of a certain element in the formula of a compound.
Substance : Any specific kind of matter whether element, compound, or mixture.
Symbol : A letter or two letters representing one atom of an element.
Synthesis: The making up of a compound from simpler compounds or from elements; the opposite of analysis.
Valence : The number of hydrogen atoms which one atom of an element can displace or with which it can unite.
